Nummular eczema, also known as discoid eczema or nummular dermatitis, is a chronic form of eczema characterized by distinctive coin-shaped (round or oval) spots on the skin. This skin condition can be quite uncomfortable and is known for its itchy and sometimes weeping lesions. Unlike other types of eczema, nummular eczema does not necessarily follow a familial pattern and can occur in people without a personal or family history of atopic dermatitis.
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Causes
The exact cause of nummular eczema is unknown, but several factors are believed to contribute to its development, including:
- Dry skin: Especially during winter, dry skin can lead to outbreaks.
- Skin injuries: Insect bites, burns, abrasions, or chemical irritation can trigger nummular eczema.
- Poor circulation and swelling: These can occur particularly in the legs and can be associated with nummular eczema.
- Allergies: Reactions to metals like nickel or to formaldehyde, which can be found in clothing, detergents, or cosmetics, may trigger symptoms.
- Infections: There is some evidence suggesting that bacterial skin infections may precipitate or exacerbate the condition.
- Stress: Emotional stress may worsen the symptoms.
Symptoms
Nummular eczema presents symptoms that can be easily distinguished from other types of eczema due to its shape and the pattern of the rash:
- Round, coin-shaped spots: These lesions can appear anywhere on the body, but are most commonly found on the legs, hands, arms, and torso. They may be isolated or numerous.
- Itching: This can vary from mild to severe.
- Dry, scaly skin: The spots are often dry and may become flaky.
- Wet, open lesions: In severe cases, the lesions can weep fluid and become crusted.
Treatment
Managing nummular eczema often involves a combination of lifestyle changes and medical treatments:
- Moisturizing creams: Regular application of moisturizers can help soothe dry skin and reduce irritation.
- Topical steroids: Corticosteroid creams or ointments may be prescribed to reduce inflammation and control itching.
- Antihistamines: These can help control severe itching, especially at night.
- Antibiotics: If the skin lesions become infected, antibiotics may be necessary to treat the infection.
- Phototherapy: Exposure to ultraviolet light under medical supervision can help reduce flare-ups in some people.
Prevention
Preventative measures for nummular eczema focus on avoiding triggers and maintaining healthy skin:
- Skin care: Regular bathing with lukewarm water followed by the application of a thick moisturizer can help to maintain skin hydration.
- Avoid irritants: Reducing exposure to known irritants, such as certain metals, chemicals, and rough fabrics, can help prevent outbreaks.
- Humid environment: Using a humidifier in dry or cold weather can help keep skin hydrated.
If you think you might have nummular eczema, it’s important to consult with a healthcare provider or dermatologist. They can offer a diagnosis and tailored treatment plan to help manage the condition effectively.
