Eczema herpeticum is a serious skin infection that can occur in people with skin conditions, particularly those with atopic dermatitis (eczema). It is caused by the herpes simplex virus (HSV), the same virus that causes cold sores and genital herpes. This infection can develop when the virus comes into contact with areas of broken skin, typically compromised by an underlying condition like eczema, allowing the virus to enter and spread.
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Symptoms
The symptoms of eczema herpeticum typically develop rapidly and include:
- Clusters of small, painful blisters filled with clear or yellowish fluid, often on areas of eczema or damaged skin.
- The blisters may burst, leaving behind open sores that ooze and crust over.
- Fever and malaise, indicating a systemic infection.
- Swollen lymph nodes near the affected area.
- Pain and itching at the site of the blisters.
Risks and Complications
If left untreated, eczema herpeticum can lead to severe complications, such as:
- Secondary bacterial skin infections.
- Dissemination of the virus to other organs, including the eyes, brain, and lungs.
- Potential scarring of the skin.
Treatment
Eczema herpeticum is considered a medical emergency and requires prompt treatment. Treatment generally involves:
- Antiviral medication: Oral or intravenous antiviral drugs, such as acyclovir, are prescribed to stop the virus from multiplying.
- Antibiotics: These may be prescribed if there is also a bacterial infection present.
- Supportive care: Including pain management and measures to prevent dehydration.
Prevention
Prevention strategies for those at risk of eczema herpeticum focus primarily on managing the underlying skin condition and avoiding direct contact with the herpes simplex virus. This includes:
- Keeping the skin well-moisturized to reduce the number of eczema flare-ups.
- Avoiding close contact with individuals who have active cold sores.
- Prompt treatment of any active eczema patches to keep the skin’s barrier as intact as possible.
It’s important for individuals with eczema or their caregivers to be aware of the symptoms of eczema herpeticum so they can seek immediate medical attention if they suspect an infection. Early diagnosis and treatment are crucial for preventing serious outcomes.
